880 research outputs found
Inference on a Distribution from Noisy Draws
We consider a situation where the distribution of a random variable is being
estimated by the empirical distribution of noisy measurements of that variable.
This is common practice in, for example, teacher value-added models and other
fixed-effect models for panel data. We use an asymptotic embedding where the
noise shrinks with the sample size to calculate the leading bias in the
empirical distribution arising from the presence of noise. The leading bias in
the empirical quantile function is equally obtained. These calculations are new
in the literature, where only results on smooth functionals such as the mean
and variance have been derived. Given a closed-form expression for the bias,
bias-corrected estimator of the distribution function and quantile function can
be constructed. We provide both analytical and jackknife corrections that
recenter the limit distribution and yield confidence intervals with correct
coverage in large samples. These corrections are non-parametric and easy to
implement. Our approach can be connected to corrections for selection bias and
shrinkage estimation and is to be contrasted with deconvolution. Simulation
results confirm the much-improved sampling behavior of the corrected
estimators.Comment: 24 pages main text, 22 pages appendix (including references
Individual and time effects in nonlinear panel models with large N, T
We derive fixed effects estimators of parameters and average partial effects in (possibly dynamic) nonlinear panel data models with individual and time effects. They cover logit, probit, ordered probit, Poisson and Tobit models that are important for many empirical applications in micro and macroeconomics. Our estimators use analytical and jackknife bias corrections to deal with the incidental parameter problem, and are asymptotically unbiased under asymptotic sequences where N/T converges to a constant. We develop inference methods and show that they perform well in numerical examples.https://arxiv.org/abs/1311.7065Accepted manuscrip
Nonlinear Factor Models for Network and Panel Data
Factor structures or interactive effects are convenient devices to
incorporate latent variables in panel data models. We consider fixed effect
estimation of nonlinear panel single-index models with factor structures in the
unobservables, which include logit, probit, ordered probit and Poisson
specifications. We establish that fixed effect estimators of model parameters
and average partial effects have normal distributions when the two dimensions
of the panel grow large, but might suffer of incidental parameter bias. We show
how models with factor structures can also be applied to capture important
features of network data such as reciprocity, degree heterogeneity, homophily
in latent variables and clustering. We illustrate this applicability with an
empirical example to the estimation of a gravity equation of international
trade between countries using a Poisson model with multiple factors.Comment: 49 pages, 6 tables, the changes in v4 include numerical results with
more simulations and minor edits in the main text and appendi
Network and panel quantile effects via distribution regression
This paper provides a method to construct simultaneous con fidence bands for quantile functions and quantile effects in nonlinear network and panel models with unobserved two-way effects, strictly exogenous covariates, and possibly discrete outcome variables. The method is based upon projection of simultaneous confi dence bands for distribution functions constructed from fixed effects distribution regression estimators. These fi xed effects estimators are bias corrected to deal with the incidental parameter problem. Under asymptotic sequences where both dimensions of the data set grow at the same rate, the confi dence bands for the quantile functions and effects have correct joint coverage in large samples. An empirical application to gravity models of trade illustrates the applicability of the methods to network data.https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.08154First author draf
Gauged Supergravities in Various Spacetime Dimensions
In this review articel we study the gaugings of extended supergravity
theories in various space-time dimensions. These theories describe the
low-energy limit of non-trivial string compactifications. For each theory under
consideration we review all possible gaugings that are compatible with
supersymmetry. They are parameterized by the so-called embedding tensor which
is a group theoretical object that has to satisfy certain representation
constraints. This embedding tensor determines all couplings in the gauged
theory that are necessary to preserve gauge invariance and supersymmetry. The
concept of the embedding tensor and the general structure of the gauged
supergravities are explained in detail. The methods are then applied to the
half-maximal (N=4) supergravities in d=4 and d=5 and to the maximal
supergravities in d=2 and d=7. Examples of particular gaugings are given.
Whenever possible, the higher-dimensional origin of these theories is
identified and it is shown how the compactification parameters like fluxes and
torsion are contained in the embedding tensor.Comment: 155 pages, author's PhD thesi
Analysis of interactive fixed effects dynamic linear panel regression with measurement error
This paper studies a simple dynamic panel linear regression model with interactive fixed effects in which the variable of interest is measured with error. To estimate the dynamic coefficient, we consider the least-squares minimum distance (LS-MD) estimation method.
Gauging hidden symmetries in two dimensions
International audienceWe initiate the systematic construction of gauged matter-coupled supergravity theories in two dimensions. Subgroups of the affine global symmetry groups of toroidally compactified supergravity can be gauged by coupling vector fields with minimal couplings and a particular topological term. The gauge groups typically include hidden symmetries that are not among the target-space isometries of the ungauged theory. The possible gaugings are described group-theoretically in terms of a constant embedding tensor subject to a number of constraints which parametrizes the different theories and entirely encodes the gauged Lagrangian. The prime example is the bosonic sector of the maximally supersymmetric theory whose ungauged form admits an affine E_9 global symmetry algebra. The various parameters (related to higher-dimensional p-form fluxes, geometric and non-geometric fluxes, etc.) which characterize the possible gaugings, combine into an embedding tensor transforming in the basic representation of E_9. This yields an infinite-dimensional class of maximally supersymmetric theories in two dimensions. We work out and discuss several examples of higher-dimensional origin which can be systematically analyzed using the different gradings of E_9
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